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Leigh Fletcher explains: One of Juno’s primary goals was to peer beneath the cloudy veil of Jupiter’s atmosphere and to probe the deeper, hidden layers. The results of this data analysis were published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, and lead author Dr.
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This region of transition between 5 and 10 bars is now called the “jovicline” because it’s similar to how seawater in our ocean’s thermocline transitions from relative warmth to colder water. Something has to have changed, and it’s either the temperature or the abundance of ammonia. The darker zones are now bright in microwave light while the belts become dark. Then, at 10 bars, the entire pattern reverses. And down to five bars of pressure or five times the pressure at the Earth’s surface, this structure persists. Brighter objects in these wavelengths are either warmer or lack ammonia, which tends to absorb microwave light. Using microwaves, the zones appear bright while the belts stay dark. You can observe this banding with a relatively small telescope even. When we look at Jupiter in visible light, we see a pattern of lighter zones and darker belts. Sometimes, you have to step outside visible light to find what you are looking for, and that’s what was done here. The corresponding atmospheric pressures are about 0.6 bars at the surface, which is less than the surface of Earth, and down past 100 bars or 250 kilometers beneath the cloud tops. This instrument is designed to measure microwave emissions from deep inside the planet, using wavelengths ranging from 1.4 centimeters to 50 centimeters. To that end, the spacecraft is equipped with a microwave radiometer. One of the primary goals of this mission is to gain a greater understanding of how the storms and cloud layers work beneath the surface.
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While many people are preparing for the weekend holiday celebrations and observations, the planetary science world is still making amazing discoveries.